Mining

India produces 95 minerals, including 4 fuel-related minerals, 10 metallic minerals, and 3 atomic minerals.

Last updated: September 8, 2025

Mining and quarrying contributes around 2.4 per cent of the national gross domestic product (GDP).

95 minerals

One of the most diversified mining ecosystems in the world.

1,319 mines

Concentrated in resource-rich states like Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Odisha.

900 Mn tonnes

A milestone in coal output that reinforced energy security.

70% share

Thermal power remains the backbone of India’s electricity mix.

143.6 Mn tonnes

Crude steel output positioning India as the world’s second-largest producer.

1,531

mines currently operational across India.

20%

of India's mines yet to be explored.

100%

FDI under automatic route allowed in mining.

57

mines awarded 5 star ratings for best practices.

Sustainable Development Cell

Created in Ministry of Coal and in all coal PSUs

PLI Scheme to 10 key Sectors for Enhancing India’s Manufacturing Capabilities and Enhancing Exports

The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has given its approval to introduce the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme in 10 key sectors for Enhancing India’s Manufacturing Capabilities and Enhancing Exports
National Mineral Policy 2019

The policy aims to align extraction, exploration and management to national aspirations. Within the purview of the 'Make in India' programme, the policy will help increase self-sufficiency within the sector.

National Mineral Exploration Policy

The National Mineral Exploration Policy (NMEP) document lays down the Government’s strategy and action plan to ensure comprehensive exploration of country’s mineral resources (non-fuel and non-coal).
National Steel Policy (NSP) 2017

The Steel Policy, 2017 aspires to achieve 300MT of steel making capacity by 2030, translating into additional investment of US$ 134 bn by 2030- 31.

The Mineral (Auction) Amendment Rules, 2017

The Ministry of Mines first notified the Mineral Auction Rules in 2015, prescribing the procedure of the auction process. Following a consensus between the Ministry and the state governments to make the process more pragmatic without sacrificing the checks on successful bidders, The Mineral Auction Rules were amended in 2017.
Offshore Areas Mineral Act

The guidelines outline the scope of mining activities in offshore areas with commercially accessible minerals reserves.

Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 2017

The rules are to apply to all minerals, except petroleum and natural gas; coal, lignite and sand for stowing; and minor minerals.
New Steel Policy

With the view to increase domestic steel consumption among multiple sectors, the Steel Policy 2017 outlines a target of 300MT of steel making capacity by 2030.
Amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957

The amendment will allow transfer of captive mining leases not granted through auction
Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules

In respect of proposals involving foreign investment beyond 51%, sourcing of 30% of the value of goods procured, shall be done from India, preferably from MSMEs, village and cottage industries, artisans and craftsmen, in all sectors.

Steel Scrap Recycling Policy

The Policy provides incentives for the utilization of scrap metal in order to reduce environmental impact.

Mineral (Auction) Amendment Rules, 2020

The State Government will, as per the procedure specified in the Act and the rules made thereunder, conduct auction of an expiring mining lease well in advance of its expiry so as to prevent disruption in production of minerals.

Enhancing Private Investments in the Mineral Sector

The Government has liberalised foreign and private access in metals and mining under a stimulus programme.

41 Coal Blocks Offered for Commercial Mining

The Coal Ministry in association with FICCI launched the process for auction of the coal mines. A two stage electronic auction process is being adopted for allocation of the coal mines.

Guidelines for Auction of Mineral Blocks

Guidelines for auction of mineral blocks with pre-embedded clearances for mining projects.
Draft National Non-Ferrous Metals (Aluminium and Copper) Scrap Recycling Policy

Ministry of Mines is in the process of formulation of a National NonFerrous Metals (Aluminium and Copper) Scrap Recycling Policy.

FDI Policy for Coal

In August 2019, Government of India allowed 100 per cent FDI, under the automatic route, for coal mining and sales activities including associated processing infrastructure subject to the provisions of Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 and the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.
Corrigendum to the Foreign Direct Investment in the Coal Mining sector in India

The corrigendum establishes the domains in which investors from neighbouring nations are exempted from participation.

Amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act , 1957

The Amendments to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act , 1957 were introduced on January 10, 2020.

PLIs announced as part of Aatmanirbhar Bharat 3.0

Production Linked Incentives for ten sectors have been announced as part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat 3,0 stimulus package.
PLI Scheme for Specialty Steel

The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme introduced for ‘Specialty Steel’ for a period of 5-year with financial outlay of Rs 6,322 Crore. The PLI scheme aims to promote the manufacturing of ‘Specialty Steel’ within the country by attracting capital investment, generating employment and promoting technology up-gradation in the steel sector

Geological Survey of India

033-23571775

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Geological Survey of India is an attached office to the Ministry of Mines.

Indian Bureau of Mines

+ 91 712 2560041

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The agency is engaged in promotion of conservation, scientific development of mineral resources and protection of environment in mines other than coal, petroleum & natural gas, atomic minerals and minor minerals.

Ministry of Coal

011-23384884

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To secure availability of coal to meet the demand of various sectors of the economy in an eco-friendly, sustainable and cost effective manner.

Ministry of Steel

91-11-23063417

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To facilitate enhancement of steel production capacity, currently estimated at 109m tonnes.

Ministry of Mines

Investment Opportunities

  • Scope for domestic and foreign companies in upcoming PPP opportunities.
  • NALCO, Hindustan Copper and MECL to acquire lithium and cobalt mines abroad.
  • Mining opportunities in gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium and diamond.
  • 100 blocks by Geological Survey of India for auctioning for regional exploration.
  • Growing market for mining equipment, vehicles and technology.
Useful Links:

Key Investors

India has a well-oiled enterprise promoting machinery that is backed by strong legislative, judiciary, executive and capital establishments

Hindalco - industry leader in aluminium and copper

Vedanta Group - a leading diversified resources company

Hindustan Zinc - integrated mining and resources producer

JSW Steel - high value steel production and export

Adani Group - one of the world's largest mining groups

Lindian Resources - mineral exploration

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

India has a well-oiled enterprise promoting machinery that is backed by strong legislative, judiciary, executive, and capital establishments

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